Nunnally, J. C. (1978). Psychometric theory (2nd ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.

APA Citation:

Nunnally, J. C. (1978). Psychometric theory (2nd ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.

7 point Likert scale will provide optimum reliability without creating a cumbersome number of response options. 

Lee, T.-H., Shen, P.-D., & Tsai, C.-W. (2008) and Tsai, C. W. (2010)

APA Citation

Lee, T.-H., Shen, P.-D., & Tsai, C.-W. (2008). Applying web-enabled problem-based

learning and self-regulated learning to add value to computing education in Taiwan’s vocational schools. Educational Technology & Society, 11(3), 13-25.

Tsai, C. W. (2010). The effects of feedback in the implementation of web-mediated self-regulated learning. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 13(2), 153-158.

Some learners are experiencing difficulties with SRL in online learning environments.

Enders, C. K., & Bandalos, D. L. (2001). The relative performance of full information maximum likelihood estimation for missing data in structural equation models.

APA Citation:

Enders, C. K., & Bandalos, D. L. (2001). The relative performance of full information

maximum likelihood estimation for missing data in structural equation models.

Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 8, 430−457.

Enders and Bandalos (2001) indicated that full information maximum-likelihood is superior to listwise,

pairwise, and similar response pattern imputations in handling missing data that may be considered ignorable.

Nunnally, J. C. (1978). Psychometric theory, 2nd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill.

APA Citation:

Nunnally, J. C. (1978). Psychometric theory, 2nd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill.

Nunnally (1978) has suggested that score reliability of .70 or better is acceptable when

used in basic social science research.

Artino and Stephens (2009) Beyond grades in on-line learning: Adaptive profiles of academic self-regulation among naval academy undergraduates.

APA Citation:

Artino, A. R., & Stephens, J. M. (2009). Beyond grades in on-line learning: Adaptive profiles of academic self-regulation among naval academy undergraduates. Journal of Advanced Academics, 20,

568–601.

Students find it difficult to manage their learning in distance education context. 

Tsai, Shen, and Fan (2013) Research trends in self-regulated learning research in online learning environments: A review of studies published in selected journals from 2003 to 2012

APA Citation:

Tsai, Shen, and Fan (2013). Research trends in self-regulated learning research in online learning environments: A review of studies published in selected journals from 2003 to 2012.  British Journal of Educational Technology, 44(5), 107-110.  doi:10.1111/bjet.12017

• The number of SRL research papers in the SSCI publication has been growing since 2003. 

• Subjects of the studies are: undergraduates had the highest ranking (65.3%), followed by secondary school students (6.5%), elementary school students (4.3%), adult informal learners (4.3%), master’s students (2.3%), preservice teachers (2.2%) and in-service teachers (2.2%)

• Over the past 5 years, online SRL has been an interesting topic for researchers in higher education settings. 

• Trend in method: The most frequently used is quantitative research methods (63.0%), followed by mixed methods (19.6%) and qualitative research methods (4.3%).